What is what to do when an iv infiltrates?

Here's some information on what to do when an IV infiltrates:

When an IV infiltrates, it means the IV fluid is leaking out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue. Here's a breakdown of what to do:

1. Stop the Infusion: Immediately clamp the IV tubing to stop the flow of fluid. This is the first and most important step.

2. Assess the Site: Carefully examine the IV site. Look for signs of infiltration such as:

   • Swelling: Noticeable puffiness around the IV site.
   • Pain: The patient may report pain, burning, or tenderness at the site.
   • Coolness: The skin around the site may feel cool to the touch.
   • Redness or Blanching: The skin may appear red or unusually pale (blanched).
   • Leakage: Fluid may be leaking from the insertion site.
   • Tightness: The patient may feel a sensation of tightness in the area.

3. Disconnect the IV: Carefully remove the IV catheter. Apply gentle pressure to the site with a sterile gauze pad to stop any bleeding.

4. Elevate the Extremity: Elevate the affected arm or leg to help reduce swelling.

5. Apply Warm or Cold Compress: Apply a compress based on the medication infiltrated. If the infiltration involves a vesicant (a drug that can cause tissue damage), follow specific protocols for the medication. Otherwise:

   • Non-vesicant Infiltration: Applying a warm%20compress may help to increase blood flow and promote absorption of the fluid.
   • Vesicant Infiltration: Follow the facility's protocol.

6. Document: Thoroughly document the infiltration in the patient's medical record. Include the following:

   • Date and time of infiltration
   • Description of the IV site and symptoms
   • Type and amount of fluid infiltrated
   • Medication administered (if any)
   • Interventions taken
   • Patient's response to treatment

7. Notify the Healthcare Provider: Inform the physician or appropriate healthcare provider about the infiltration, especially if it involves a vesicant or if the patient is experiencing significant pain or discomfort.

8. Consider Alternative Site: If further IV access is needed, choose a different site, preferably in the opposite extremity or a different location altogether.

Important Considerations:

• Prevention: Proper IV insertion technique and regular monitoring of the IV site can help prevent infiltrations.
• Vesicants: Infiltration of vesicant medications requires immediate and specific treatment to minimize tissue damage. Follow established protocols for vesicant extravasation. Consult a pharmacist or appropriate resource for guidance. Hyaluronidase injections may be prescribed to help disperse the fluid and minimize tissue damage.
• Compartment Syndrome: In rare cases, a large volume infiltration can lead to compartment syndrome, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome include severe pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, and decreased pulse in the affected extremity.
• Patient Education: Explain to the patient what happened and the steps being taken to address the infiltration. Reassure the patient and answer any questions they may have. Let the patient know to report any continued discomfort or changes in sensation.